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Objective:To explore the correlation between effective constituent content and external color by measuring the chroma value and the content of polysaccharide，saponin and lovastatin during the fermentation of Polygonati Rhizoma samples， in order to provide reference for the quality control of Monascus fermented Polygonati Rhizoma. Method:Polygonati Rhizoma was inoculated with Monascus for solid-state fermentation，and the content of polysaccharide and saponin was determined by colorimetric method， while the content of lovastatin，a new ingredient after fermentation，was determined by HPLC. The chroma values L*，a*，b* of all these samples were measured by a color difference meter. SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze the correlation and regression between component content and chroma value，and the differences between samples in the fermentation process was studied through multi-dimensional scale analysis and cluster analysis. Result:With the prolongation of fermentation time，the content of polysaccharide gradually increased to the peak value on day 9， and then gradually decreased. The content of saponin showed an rising trend in general，with slight fluctuations in the middle. Lovastatin levels peaked on day 15， and fell sharply since then. The content of polysaccharide was positively related to the lightness value L* and the total color value E*ab （P<0.01），and the contents of saponin and lovastatin were significantly related to the red-green value a*（P<0.01）. The results of regression analysis showed that 52.8% of the change in lightness value L* was affected by the content of polysaccharide，saponin and lovastatin，and the saponin content could be predicted by a* and L* to the extent of 54.1%，while the lovastatin content can be predicted by a* to the extent of 61.7%. The determination coefficient of the polysaccharide regression model was less than 0.4，so the polysaccharide content could not be predicted based on the chroma value. Through the multi-dimensional scale analysis and cluster analysis，the samples were divided into four categories according to fermentation time： 0-3，3-7，7-11，11-18 d. Conclusion:The fermentation of Monascus and Polygonati Rhizoma can lead to the change of effective constituent and appearance color of the latter，which provides the basis for the fermentation process of Polygonati Rhizoma. In addition， the content of saponin and lovastatin can be predicted by the chroma value of fermented Polygonati Rhizoma to a certain extent，which provides a simple and fast inspection method for the dynamic monitoring of effective constituent content in fermented Polygonati Rhizoma.
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AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of surgery for spontaneous subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse via bulbar conjunctiva under topical anesthesia. ●METHODS: A total of 22 eyes of 11 patients received surgery for spontaneous subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse via bulbar conjunctiva under topical anesthesia were included. Objective and subjective duration of the operation, degree of cooperation during surgery, postoperative recovery, recurrence and complications were observed. ●RESULTS: In the process of surgery, patients without pain and being-cooperated were recorded in 17 eyes. The patients who occasionally felt slight pain, but within endurance after adding topical anesthesia once and the operation was completed successfully were recorded in 5 eyes ( the second eye surgery ) . The operation was successfully completed in all the patients. Compared the coordination degree during surgery of Gradel with GradeⅡ, the difference was statistically significant ( t=-3. 123, P ● CONCLUSION: The surgery for spontaneous subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse via bulbar conjunctiva under topical anesthesia can ensure satisfactory anesthetic effect and get better quality of operation. It′s a simple, safe and effective anesthesia method for spontaneous subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse.
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?Retinoblastoma is a common eye malignant tumor which has high degree of malignancy.The traditional treatment methods are destructive, and the prognosis is poor. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1αhighly express in retinoblastoma and regulate the development and progression of retinoblastoma ( by influencing the proliferation and differentiation of tumor cells and involving in the generation of vascular mimicry ) . This article reviewed the role of hypoxia inducible factor-1αin the development of retinoblastoma which will initiate a new avenue for the treatment of retinoblastoma.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Human myxovirus resistant protein A (MxA), encoded by the myxovirus resistance 1 (Mx1) gene, is an interferon (IFN)-triggered dynamin-like multi-domain GTPase involved in innate immune responses against viral infections. Recent studies suggest that MxA is associated with several human cancers and may be a tumor suppressor and a promising biomarker for IFN therapy. Mx1 gene mutations in the coding region for MxA have been discovered in many types of cancer, suggesting potential biological associations between mutations in MxA protein and corresponding cancers. In this study, we performed a systematic analysis based on the crystal structures of MxA and elucidated how these mutations specifically affect the structure and therefore the function of MxA protein.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cancer-associated Mx1 mutations were collected and screened from the COSMIC database. Twenty-two unique mutations that cause single amino acid alterations in the MxA protein were chosen for the analysis. Amino acid sequence alignment was performed using Clustal W to check the conservation level of mutation sites in Mx proteins and dynamins. Structural analysis of the mutants was carried out with Coot. Structural models of selected mutants were generated by the SWISS-MODEL server for comparison with the corresponding non-mutated structures. All structural figures were generated using PyMOL.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We analyzed the conservation level of the single-point mutation sites and mapped them on different domains of MxA. Through individual structural analysis, we found that some mutations severely affect the stability and function of MxA either by disrupting the intra-/inter-molecular interactions supported by the original residues or by incurring unfavorable configuration alterations, whereas other mutations lead to gentle or no interference to the protein stability and function because of positions or polarity features. The potential clinical value of the mutations that lead to drastic influence on MxA protein is also assessed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Among all of the reported tumor-associated single-point mutations, seven of them notably affect the structure and function of MxA and therefore deserve more attention with respect to potential clinical applications. Our research provides an example for systematic analysis and consequence evaluation of single-point mutations on a given cancer-related protein.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Amino Acid Sequence , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic , Genetics , Crystallography, X-Ray , Databases, Genetic , Myxovirus Resistance Proteins , Genetics , Neoplasm Proteins , Genetics , Neoplasms , Genetics , Point Mutation , Protein Domains , Genetics , Protein Folding , Sequence Alignment , Stereoisomerism , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To develop a rapid and sensitive fluorescent immunochromatographic strip for the detection of cefalexin residue. METHODS: The Eu-silica nanoparticles were synthesized by using RP-microemulsion technology. The Eu-silica nanoparticles conjugated with cefalexin monoclonal antibody was used as a fluorescent label. The fluorescent immunochromatographic strip for the detection of cefalexin based on competitive inhibition immunoassay format was developed. The cefalexin-ovalbumin and goat anti-mouse IgG were immobilized on the nitrocellulose membrane as the test line and control line. RESULTS: After experiment optimization, the developed strip could provide detection results within 30 min and the limit of detection of cefalexin was 25 ng·mL-1. There was no cross-reactivity with 12 kinds of antibiotics including cephalosporins and penicillin. CONCLUSION: The fluorescence immunochromatographic strip is rapid, sensitive, and easy to operate, which may be a powerful tool to detect antibiotics in the future.